Proposition 71, the California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act, was approved by California voters on November 2, 2004, providing $3 billion in funding for stem cell research at California universities and research institutions, and calling for the establishment of a new state agency to make grants and provide loans for stem cell research, research facilities, and other vital research opportunities. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (Institute) was established in early 2005.

The Independent Citizens Oversight Committee (ICOC) is the 29-member governing board for the Institute. The ICOC members are public officials, appointed on the basis of their experience earned in California's leading public universities, non-profit academic and research institutions, patient advocacy groups, and the biotechnology industry.